Ubude obugxile zencazelo yezinhlelo ze-Optical zezinhlelo nezindlela zokuhlola

1.Finyelela ubude bezinhlelo zokubona

Ubude obugxile kuyisikhombi esibaluleke kakhulu sohlelo lwe-Optical, ngomqondo wobude obugxile, thina ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi sinokuqonda, sibuyekeza lapha.
Ubude obugxile kohlelo lokubona, oluchazwa njengebanga elisuka enkabeni ye-Optical of the System Optical kuya ekugxiliseni ugongolo lapho isigameko sokukhanya esifanayo, isilinganiso sokukhanya okukhanyayo noma okuphambanisayo ohlelweni lokukhanya. Sisebenzisa umdwebo olandelayo ukukhombisa lo mqondo.

Kulesi sibalo esingenhla, isigameko esifana nesiphetho ngakwesobunxele, ngemuva kokudlula ohlelweni lwe-Optical, umugqa odlulayo we-Axis ohambelana ne-Axis ehambisanayo ebizwa nge-Axis Photo ePoint P2, ebizwa ngokuthi yiphuzu eliyinhloko (noma Iphuzu lesikhungo se-Optical Center), ibanga phakathi kwephuzu eliyinhloko nokugxila kwesithombe, yilokho esivame ukusibiza ngobude obugxile, igama eliphelele lingubude obuphambili bokugxila kwesithombe.
Kungabonakala futhi kusukela kunombolo yokuthi ibanga ukusuka endaweni yokugcina yohlelo lokugcina oluya endaweni efanelekile f 'yesithombe libizwa ngokuthi ubude bokugxila emuva (BFL). Ngokulandelana, uma i-parallel beam isigameko kusuka ohlangothini lokunene, kukhona nemiqondo yobude obulungile bokugxila kanye nobude obugxile ngaphambili (FFL).

2. Izindlela zokuhlola ubude obugxile

Empeleni, kunezindlela eziningi ezingasetshenziswa ukuvivinya ubude obugxile ezinhlelweni ze-optical. Ngokusekelwe kwimigomo ehlukene, izindlela zokuhlola ubude okugxile zingahlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu. Isigaba sokuqala sisuselwa esikhundleni sendiza yesithombe, isigaba sesibili sisebenzisa ubudlelwano phakathi kokukhulisa kanye nobude obugxile ukuthola inani lobude obugxile, futhi isigaba sesithathu sisebenzisa i-wavefront curvature yokwehla kokuguqulwa kokukhanya.
Kulesi sigaba, sizokwethula izindlela ezisetshenziswayo zokuhlola ubude obugxile ezinhlelweni ze-Optical ::

2.1CIndlela ye-Ollimali

Umgomo wokusebenzisa i-collomator ukuvivinya ubude obugxile kohlelo lwe-optical njengoba kukhonjisiwe kumdwebo ongezansi:

Kulesi sibalo, iphethini yokuhlola ibekwa ekugxiliseni i-collomator. Ukuphakama y kwephethini yokuhlola kanye nobude obugxile f_c'we-collimator uyaziwa. Ngemuva kogongolo olufanayo olukhishwe yi-collimator luhlanganiswe ngohlelo lokuhlolwa okuhlolwe futhi lufanelwe endizeni yesithombe, ubude obugxile bohlelo lwe-optical lungabalwa ngokususelwa kuphethini lokuhlola endizeni yesithombe. Ubude obugxile bohlelo lokuhlola oluhloliwe lungasebenzisa ifomula elandelayo:

2.2 GaussianMi-efodod
Isibalo se-Schematic sendlela ye-Gaussian yokuhlola ubude obugxile kohlelo lokubona luboniswa njengoba lungezansi:

Esinambeni, izindiza eziphambili nezingemuva zohlelo lokubona ngaphansi kovivinyo zimelelwa njenge-p no-p 'ngokulandelana, kanye nebanga phakathi kwalezi zindiza ezimbili eziphambili ngu-D_P. Ngale ndlela, inani le-D_Pkubhekwa njengeyaziwa, noma inani layo lincane futhi linganakwa. Into kanye nesikrini esamukelayo sibekwe ngakwesokunxele nakwesokudla, futhi ibanga phakathi kwalo liqoshwa njenge-L, lapho l idinga ukuba ngaphezulu kwezikhathi ezi-4 zohlelo oluhloliwe. Uhlelo olungaphansi kokuhlolwa lungabekwa ezikhundleni ezimbili, olukhonjwe njengezikhundla 1 nesikhundla 2 ngokulandelana. Into ngakwesokunxele ingafanelwa kahle esikrinini esamukelayo. Ibanga phakathi kwalezi zindawo ezimbili (ezilukiwe njenge-D) lingalinganiswa. Ngokusho kobudlelwano be-conjugate, singathola:

Kulezi zikhundla ezimbili, amabanga amabanga aqoshwa njenge-S1 ne-S2 ngokulandelana, bese kuthi s2 - s1 = D. ngokususelwa kwefomula, singathola ubude befomula, singathola ubude befomula,

2.3Lenster
I-Lensometer ilungele kakhulu ukuhlola ubude obude obugxile kakhulu. Isibalo saso se-Schematic simi ngalendlela elandelayo:

Okokuqala, ilensi ngaphansi kokuhlolwa ayifakwa endleleni ebonakalayo. Ithagethi ebonakalayo ngakwesobunxele idlula ngelensi yokuqothula futhi iba ukukhanya okufanayo. Ukukhanya okuhambisanayo kuhlangana yilensi yokuguqulwa ngobude obugxile ku-F₂futhi akha isithombe esicacile endizeni yesithombe sereferensi. Ngemuva kokuthi i-Optical Phezu lilinganisiwe, ilensi evivinywayo ibekwa endleleni ebonakalayo, futhi ibanga phakathi kwelensi ngaphansi kokuhlolwa kanye nelensi yokuguqulwa yi-F₂. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngenxa yesenzo selensi ngaphansi kokuhlolwa, ukugqama okukhanyayo kuzobukelwa, kubangele ukushintshwa esikhundleni sendiza yesithombe, okuholele esithombeni esicacile esikhundleni sendiza entsha yesithombe emjovo. Ibanga phakathi kwendiza entsha yezithombe namalensi okuguqulwa kudonswa njengo-X. Kususelwa ebudlelwaneni be-Object-Image, ubude obugxile belensi ngaphansi kokuhlolwa bungatholwa njengoba:

Empeleni, i-lessometer isetshenziswe kabanzi ekulinganiseni okugxilwe kakhulu kwama-lens abukeli, futhi inezinzuzo zokusebenza okulula nokunemba okuthembekile.

2.4 ABBERefractometer

I-ABBE RefAccometer ingenye indlela yokuhlola ubude obugxile ezinhlelweni ze-Optical. Isibalo saso se-Schematic simi ngalendlela elandelayo:

Beka ababusi ababili ngokuphakama okuhlukile ohlangothini lwe-lens ngaphansi kokuhlolwa, okungukuthi-ke scaleplate 1 bese ucubungula 2. Ukuphakama okuhambisanayo '. Ibanga phakathi kwalezi zindaweni ezimbili e-e, kanye ne-angle phakathi komugqa ophambili wombusi kanye ne-axis ye-optical u. I-scoleplated ifanelwe yilensi ehlolwe ngobude obugxile ku-F. I-microscope ifakwa endaweni yokugcina isithombe. Ngokuhambisa isikhundla se-microscope, izithombe eziphezulu zama-scaleplates amabili zitholakala. Ngalesi sikhathi, ibanga phakathi kwesibonakhulu kanye ne-axis ye-Optical kuthiwa. Ngokusho kobudlelwano bezithombe ezibonakalayo, singathola ubude obugxile njengoba:

2.5 Moire defleEctometryIsu
Indlela ye-Moiré deflepetrometry izosebenzisa amasethi amabili ezizinqumo ze-ronchi emisebeni ekhanyayo ehambisanayo. Ukubusa kwe-ronchi kuyindlela efana negridi yefilimu yensimbi ye-chromium ebekwe esisekelweni sengilazi, esetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezinhlelo ze-optical. Indlela isebenzisa ushintsho eMoiiré Fringes eyakhiwe ngokugcwele okubili ukugcwaliswa okubili ukuhlola ubude obugxile kohlelo lokugxila. Umdwebo we-schematic wesimiso ngu-ASTIONS:

Esinambeni ngenhla, into ebonakalayo, ngemuva kokudlula ku-collotor, iba ugongolo olufanayo. Endleleni ye-Optical, ngaphandle kokungeza ilensi ehlolwe kuqala, i-parallel beam idlula ukugcwala okubili nge-angle evulekile ye-θ kanye ne-spaced ye-d, yakha isethi ye-moiré fringes endizeni yesithombe. Ngemuva kwalokho, amalensi ahlolwe abekwe endleleni yokubona. Ukukhanya okuqoqwe kwasekuqaleni, ngemuva kokuphikisa ngelensi, kuzoveza ubude obuthile obugxile. I-curvatun radius yogongolo olukhanyayo ingatholakala kwifomula elandelayo:

Imvamisa i-lens ngaphansi kokuhlolwa ibekwe eduze kakhulu ku-grating yokuqala, ngakho-ke inani le-r lefomula engenhla lihambelana nobude obugxile kwelensi. Inzuzo yale ndlela ukuthi ingavivinya ubude obugxile ezinhle nezinhlelo zobude bokugxila.

2.6 OpticalFiberAItucolimationMi-efodod
Umgomo wokusebenzisa indlela ye-autocolliation ye-aptical fiber ukuze uhlole ubude obugxile belensi elikhonjisiwe kwisibalo esingezansi. Isebenzisa i-fiber optics ukukhulula ugongolo oluphambukayo oludlula ngelensi ihlolwe bese ikwisibuko sendiza. Izindlela ezintathu ze-Optical esithombeni zibonisa imibandela ye-fiber optical ngaphakathi kokugxila, ngaphakathi kokugxila, nangaphandle kokugxila ngokulandelana. Ngokuhambisa isikhundla selensi ngaphansi kokuhlola emuva naphambili, ungathola isikhundla sekhanda lefayibha lapho kugxilwe khona. Ngalesi sikhathi, ugongolo luhlangene, nangemva kokukhombisa isibuko sendiza, iningi lamandla lizobuyela esikhundleni sekhanda lefayibha. Indlela ilula ngokweqiniso futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa.

3.ConclUsion

Ubude obugxile kuyipharamitha ebalulekile yohlelo lokubona. Kulesi sihloko, sichaza imininingwane yobude obugxile kohlelo lwe-Optical System kanye nezindlela zalo zokuhlola. Kuhlanganiswe nomdwebo we-Schematic, sichaza incazelo yobude obugxile, kufaka phakathi imiqondo yobude obugxile ezithombeni, ubude obugxile bento, nobude obugxile emuva. Empeleni, kunezindlela eziningi zokuhlola ubude obugxile bohlelo lwe-Optical. Le ndatshana yethula imigomo yokuhlola indlela ye-collimator, indlela ye-Gaussian, indlela yokulinganisa ubude, indlela yokulinganisa ubude, indlela ye-moiré deflection, kanye nendlela yokuzenzakalelayo ye-fiber, kanye nendlela yokuzenzakalelayo ye-fiber. Ngikholwa ukuthi ngokufunda le ndatshana, uzoba nokuqonda okungcono kwamapharamitha wobude obugxile ezinhlelweni ze-Optical.