Isinyathelo sokuqala kunoma iyiphi inqubo yokukhiqiza optical ukukhethwa kwezinto ezifanele ezibonakalayo. Imingcele ye-Optical (inkomba ye-refractive, inombolo ye-Abbe, i-transmittance, i-reflection), izakhiwo zomzimba (ukuqina, ukuguquguquka, okuqukethwe kwebhamuza, isilinganiso se-Poisson), kanye nezici zokushisa (i-coefficient yokwanda okushisayo, ubudlelwane phakathi kwenkomba ye-refractive kanye nezinga lokushisa) kwezinto ezibonakalayo Konke kuzothinta izakhiwo ze-optical zezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukusebenza kwezingxenye ze-optical kanye nezinhlelo. Lesi sihloko sizokwethula kafushane izinto ezivamile ze-optical kanye nezakhiwo zazo.
Izinto ezibonakalayo zihlukaniswe ikakhulukazi izigaba ezintathu: ingilazi ye-Optical, i-crystal optical kanye ne-Special optical materials.
01 Ingilazi ye-Optical
Ingilazi ye-Optical i-amorphous (ingilazi) optical medium material engadlulisa ukukhanya. Ukukhanya okudlula kuyo kungashintsha indlela yokusabalalisa, isigaba nokuqina. Ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izinto ezibonakalayo ezifana namaprism, amalensi, izibuko, amafasitela kanye nezihlungi kumathuluzi okubona amehlo noma amasistimu. Ingilazi ye-Optical inokucaca okuphezulu, ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali kanye nokufana ngokomzimba ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni. Inama-optical constants aqondile futhi anembile. Esimeni esiqinile sezinga lokushisa eliphansi, ingilazi ebonakalayo igcina isakhiwo se-amorphous sesimo se-liquid esiphezulu. Ngokufanelekile, izakhiwo zangaphakathi zomzimba kanye namakhemikhali engilazi, njenge-refractive index, i-coefficient yokwandisa ukushisa, ukuqina, ukuqhutshwa kokushisa, ukuqhutshwa kukagesi, i-elastic modulus, njll., kuyafana kuzo zonke izinkomba, okubizwa ngokuthi i-isotropy.
Abakhiqizi abakhulu bezingilazi ezibonakalayo bahlanganisa i-Schott yaseJalimane, i-Corning yase-United States, i-Ohara yase-Japan, kanye ne-Chengdu Guangming Glass yasekhaya (CDGM), njll.
Inkomba ye-refractive kanye nomdwebo wokusabalalisa
i-optical glass refractive index curves
Amajika okudlulisa
02. Ikristalu yamehlo
I-Optical crystal ibhekisela ezintweni zekristalu ezisetshenziswa kumidiya ye-optical. Ngenxa yezici zesakhiwo samakristalu okukhanya, angasetshenziswa kabanzi ukwenza amawindi ahlukahlukene, amalensi, namaprism emisebeni ye-ultraviolet ne-infrared. Ngokusho kwesakhiwo se-crystal, ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-crystal eyodwa ne-polycrystalline. Izinto zekristalu eyodwa zinobuqotho obuphezulu bekristalu nokudlulisa ukukhanya, kanye nokulahlekelwa okokufaka okuphansi, ngakho-ke amakristalu awodwa asetshenziswa kakhulu kumakristalu okukhanya.
Ngokuqondile: Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-UV ezijwayelekile kanye ne-infrared crystal zifaka: i-quartz (SiO2), i-calcium fluoride (CaF2), i-lithium fluoride (LiF), i-rock salt (NaCl), i-silicon (Si), i-germanium (Ge), njll.
Amakristalu e-polarizing: Amakristalu e-polarizing avame ukusetshenziswa ahlanganisa i-calcite (CaCO3), i-quartz (SiO2), i-nitrate ye-sodium (i-nitrate), njll.
Ikristalu ye-Achromatic: Izici ezikhethekile zokuhlakazeka zekristalu zisetshenziselwa ukwakha amalensi enhloso ye-achromatic. Isibonelo, i-calcium fluoride (i-CaF2) ihlanganiswe nengilazi ukuze kwakheke uhlelo lwe-achromatic, olungaqeda ukuphambuka okuyindilinga kanye ne-spectrum yesibili.
Ikristalu ye-laser: isetshenziswa njengezinto zokusebenza zamalaser ezwe eliqinile, njenge-ruby, i-calcium fluoride, i-neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet crystal, njll.
Izinto ze-crystal zihlukaniswa zibe zemvelo futhi zikhule ngokwenziwa. Amakristalu emvelo ayivelakancane kakhulu, kunzima ukukhula ngokuzenzela, anomkhawulo ngosayizi, futhi ayabiza. Ngokuvamile kucatshangelwa lapho okubalulekile kwengilazi kunganele, kungasebenza ebhendini yokukhanya engabonakali futhi isetshenziswe kumkhakha we-semiconductor kanye ne-laser.
03 Izinto ezikhethekile zokubuka
a. Ingilazi-ceramic
I-Glass-ceramic iyinto ekhethekile yokubona engeyona ingilazi noma ikristalu, kodwa kwenye indawo phakathi. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwengilazi-ceramic kanye nengilazi evamile ye-optical ubukhona besakhiwo se-crystal. Inokwakheka kwekristalu kakhudlwana kune-ceramic. Inezici ze-coefficient ephansi yokwandisa okushisayo, amandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu, ukuminyana okuphansi, nokuzinza okuphezulu kakhulu. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekucubunguleni amakristalu ayisicaba, izinti ezijwayelekile zamamitha, izibuko ezinkulu, ama-laser gyroscopes, njll.
I-thermal expansion coefficient ye-microcrystalline optical material ingafinyelela ku-0.0±0.2×10-7/℃ (0~50℃)
b. I-Silicon Carbide
I-Silicon carbide iyimpahla ekhethekile ye-ceramic ebuye isetshenziswe njenge-optical material. I-Silicon carbide inokuqina okuhle, i-coefficient ye-thermal deformation ephansi, ukuzinza okuhle kakhulu kokushisa, nomphumela obalulekile wokunciphisa isisindo. Ibhekwa njengento eyinhloko yezibuko ze-lightweight ezinkulu futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ku-aerospace, ama-lasers anamandla amakhulu, ama-semiconductors nezinye izinkambu.
Lezi zigaba zezinto ezibonakalayo zingabuye zibizwe nge-optical media materials. Ngaphezu kwezigaba ezinkulu zezinto zemidiya ye-optical, izinto zefiber optical, izinto zefilimu optical, izinto zekristalu ewuketshezi, izinto ezikhanyayo, njll. konke kungokwezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-optical akunakuhlukaniswa nobuchwepheshe bezinto ezibonakalayo. Sibheke ngabomvu inqubekelaphambili yobuchwepheshe bezwe lami obubonakalayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-05-2024
