Isinyathelo sokuqala kunoma iyiphi inqubo yokukhiqiza ama-optical ukukhethwa kwezinto ezifanelekile zokubona. Amapharamitha we-Optical (Inkomba eyethusayo, inombolo ye-ABBE, ukudlulisela, ukuboniswa), izakhiwo ezibonakalayo (ubunzima be-Poisonble, ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinto ezibonakalayo zonke kuzothinta izakhiwo ze-optical zonke izinto zokwakha. Ukusebenza kwezakhi ze-optical kanye nezinhlelo. Lo mbhalo uzokwethula kafushane izinto ezivamile zokubona kanye nezinto zazo.
Izinto zokwenziwa zihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu: ingilazi ye-optical, i-optical crystal kanye nezinto ezikhethekile zokukhanya.
Ingilazi ye-Optical
Ingilazi ye-Optical iyi-amorphous (glass) impahla ephakathi engadlulisela ukukhanya. Ukukhanya okudlula kuyo kungashintsha indlela yayo yokusakazwa, isigaba namandla. Isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukukhiqiza izakhi ezibonakalayo ezifana nama-priss, ama-lens, izibuko, amawindi nezihlungi ezinsimbi noma amasistimu. Ingilazi ye-Optical inokubonakala okuphezulu, ukuqina kwamakhemikhali kanye nokufana ngokomzimba kwesakhiwo nasekusebenzeni. Inobudlelwano obuthile bokubona obuqondile futhi obunembile. Esimweni esiqinile sokushisa esishisayo, ingilazi ye-optical ligcina ukwakheka okungama-amorphous kwesimo sokushisa se-liquid. Ngokufanelekile, izakhiwo zangaphakathi zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zengilazi, njengenkomba yokuphinda, ubulukhuni, ubulukhuni obushisayo, ukuqina kukagesi, i-elastic modulus, njll., Okufanayo kuzo zonke izinkomba, okubizwa ngokuthi yi-isotropy.
Abakhiqizi abaphambili be-Optical Glass bafaka iSchow yaseJalimane, eCorning of United States, e-Ohara yaseJapan, kanye ne-ChengGDU Guangming Glass (CDGM), njll.
Inkomba ye-Reviac ne-Dispersion
I-Optical Glass I-Index Curves
Ama-transmittance curves
02. I-Optical Crystal
I-Optical Crystal isho izinto zekristalu ezisetshenziswa kwabezindaba zamehlo. Ngenxa yezimpawu zesakhiwo zamakristalu e-Optical amakristalu, kungasetshenziswa kabanzi ukwenza amawindi ahlukahlukene, amalensi, kanye nama-prisms we-ultraviolet nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifakiwe. Ngokwesakhiwo sekristalu, ingahlukaniswa nge-crystal eyodwa ne-polycrystalline. Izinto zekristalu eyodwa zinobuqotho obuphezulu be-crystal kanye nokuhamba okukhanyayo, kanye nokulahleka kokufaka okuphansi, ngakho-ke amakristalu azodwa asetshenziswa ikakhulukazi kumakristalu obonakalayo.
Ngokuqondile: I-UV evamile ye-UV nezinto zokwakha ze-infstare zifaka phakathi: i-quartz (i-sio2), i-carcium fluoride (i-chithium fluoride (lifl), i-silicon (i-si), i-germanium (ge), gerc
Ama-Crystarizing amakristalu: Amakristalu e-polarizing asetshenziswa kaningi afaka i-calcite (caco3), i-quartz (Sio2), i-sodium nitrate (nitrate), njll.
I-Achromatic Crystal: Izici ezikhethekile zokuhlakazwa zekristalu zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-accomatic anhloso lens. Isibonelo, i-calcium Fluoride (i-CAF2) ihlanganiswe nengilazi ukuze wakhe uhlelo lwe-achromatic, olungasusa i-afrrration eyindilinga kanye ne-spectrum yesibili.
I-Laser Crystal: isetshenziswa njengezinto ezisebenzayo zama-lasers aqinile wombuso, njenge-ruby, i-calcium fluoride, i-neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garonet crystal crystal, njll.
Izinto ze-Crystal zihlukaniswe zemvelo futhi zikhule kahle. Amakristalu emvelo aqabukela kakhulu, kunzima ukukhula ngobuciko, kukhawulelwe ngosayizi, futhi kubizeke. Ngokuvamile kubhekwe lapho okuqukethwe yingilazi kunganele, kungasebenza ebhendini elikhanyayo elingabonakali futhi kusetshenziswa kwizimboni ze-semiconductor nase-laser.
03 izinto ezikhethekile zokukhanya
a. Ingilazi-Ceramic
I-Glass-Ceramic iyinto ekhethekile ebonakalayo ehlukile engeyona ingilazi noma i-crystal, kodwa endaweni ethile phakathi. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwengilazi-ceramic kanye nengilazi ye-optical evamile ukuba khona kwesakhiwo sekristalu. Inesakhiwo se-crystal esihle kune-ceramic. Inezimpawu zokusebenziseka okuphansi okuphezulu okukhokhwayo, amandla aphezulu, ubulukhuni obuphezulu, nobunzima obuphansi, nokuqina okukhulu kakhulu. Kusetshenziswa kabanzi ekucutshungweni kwamakristalu aphansi, izinti zamamitha ajwayelekile, izibuko ezinkulu, ama-laser gyroscopes, njll.
I-coefficion ethe xaxa ye-microcrystalline ye-Optical Izinto ezingafinyelela ku-0.0 ± 0.2 × 10-7 / ℃ (0 ℃ (0 ℃ (0 ~ 50 ~
b. I-Silicon Carbide
I-Silicon Carbide iyinto ekhethekile yama-ceramic impahla esetshenziswa njengento ebonakalayo. I-Silicon Carbide inokuqina okuhle, i-coefficial ephansi eshisayo, ukuqina okuhle kakhulu okushisayo, kanye nomphumela wokuncipha kwesisindo okubalulekile. Kubhekwa njengento esemqoka yezibuko ezilula ezingasindi futhi zisetshenziswa kabanzi e-aerospace, ama-lasers anamandla aphezulu, ama-semiconductors kanye nezinye izinkambu.
Le mikhakha yezinto zokwakha i-optical nayo ingabizwa nge-Optical Media Madio. Ngaphezu kwezigaba ezinkulu zezinto zemidiya ye-Optical Media, izinto zefilimu ezibonakalayo, izinto zefilimu ezibonakalayo, izinto zokwenziwa kwamafilimu, izinto zokwakha i-luminescent, njll. Konke kungokwezinto zokwakha. Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokubona akuhlukaniswa kubuchwepheshe bezinto ezibonakalayo. Silangazelela inqubekela phambili yobuchwepheshe bezinto ezibonakalayo zezwe lami.
Isikhathi sePosi: Jan-05-2024
